Sales & trading encompasses the fixed-income, equity, currency, and commodity markets. Sales professionals work with a variety of institutional investors to distribute securities originated by the investment bank. Trading's primary role is market-making and managing the bank's risk exposure within their area of responsibility. Trading is broken up into two main categories: Proprietary trading and Agency trading. In comparison, Proprietary traders make their own trading decisions purely for their own financial gain. Agency traders work at a sell-side financial institution, like a large investment bank, and you execute orders for clients throughout the day.

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Equity Research includes analyzing public companies to give a Buy/Hold/Sell recommendation on stocks. In addition, equity research analysts will consider the company's financials, financial ratios, industry trends, and other factors to predict how companies will perform in the future using financial modeling. Equity Research analysts are split into the buy-side and sell-side. While both roles are similar in terms of tasks, buy-side analysts work for firms investing in different companies, whereas sell-side analysts will advise other investors and provide research.

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Resources:

• CFA

• Financial Markets Institute

• MOS Excel Certification